Hydraulic transmission



Jan. 24, 1939.

txammer S. V E. TAYLOR HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION 3 Sheets-Sheet l OriginalFiled May 27, 1935 3 ScofiIfE. Taylor Jan. 24, S E L R R8- HYDRAULICTRANSMISS ION Original Filed May 27, 1955 .3 Sheets-Sheet 2 gwum 5'00i'fI TE. Taylor Jan. 24, 1939. S, v E; TAYLOR Re. 20,988

HYDRAULIC TRANSMIS S ION Original Filed May 27, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 3jwum i-ltifl keissued Jan. 24, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SerialNo. 23,786,

May 27, 1935. Application for reissue September 8, 1938, Serial No.228,983

36 Claims.

This invention relates to a hydraulic transmission and has for itsobject to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a transmissionof the class referred to for delivering a constant amount of powerregardless of speed reduction, to give direct drive at full speed, andto provide a torque ratio of 4 A; to l or better at the maximum of speedreduction.

Further objects of the invention are to provide, in a manner ashereinafter set forth, a hydraulic transmission which is simple in itsconstruction and arrangement, strong, durable, compact, thoroughlyefllcient in its use, readily assembled, conveniently attached to adriving means therefor, and comparatively inexpensive to manufacture.

With the foregoing and other objects which may hereinafter appear, thehydraulic transmission consists of the novel construction, combinationand arrangement of parts to be more specifically described and asillustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein is shown an embodimentof the invention, but it is to be understood that changes, variationsand modifications may be resorted to which fall within the scope of theinvention as claimed.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a vertical sectional view of the transmission with thedriving shaft therefor omitted,

Figure 2 is a section on line 22, Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a section on line 3--3, Figure 1, and

Figure 4 is a fragmentary view in plan illustrating a modified form ofmounting for the combined cushioning and sealing strips.

Referring to the drawings, there is shown a revoluble annular casing orhousing formed of two sections I and 2. The section I is of cup-shapedcontour closed at one end and open at its other end. The section 2constitutes a closure for the open end of section I. The latter hasintegral therewith, axially of the inner face of the closed end 25thereof, a circular support or stub-shaft 26 formed of two parts 21, 28of different lengths and diameters, the part 21 of less diameter and ofgreater length than that of part 28. The junction of the parts 21, 28provide shaft 26 with a peripheral shoulder 29 constituting a stop for apurpose to be referred to. The part 28 of shaft 26 is integral with theend 25 of section I. The outer face of the end 25 has formed integraltherewith an interiorly threaded collar 30 arranged concentrically tothe axis of end 25 and which is employed for anchoring a drive-shaft,not shown, to section I for bodily revolving the casing or housing. Thecollar 30 is of greater diameter than shaft 26. The section I, at itsopen end, is formed with an outwardly directed right angular disposedannular flange 21 flush with the edge 28 thereof. The flange 21 isprovided throughout with a series of spaced screw threaded openings 29.

The section 2 is of circular form and provided axially thereof with anopening 30 for the passage therethrough of a driven shaft 20. The wallof opening 30 has spaced grooves 3| in which are mounted sealingelements 32 to prevent leakage of the fluid from the transmission. Thesection 2 has its inner face provided with an annular groove 33 and anaxially arranged socket 34 which communicates at its base with the innerend of opening 30 and isdisposed in concentric relation to the groove33. The diameter of section 2 corresponds to the outer diameter offlange 21. The outer marginal portion of the inner face 35 of section 2is rabbeted to form an annular ledge 36 and a combined annular flangeand stop element 31. The latter is provided throughout with a series ofspaced openings 38. The circumference of the ledge 36 correspondssubstantially to the inner circumference of section I. An aperturedsealing member 39 is arranged to oppose the inner face of element 31 andseats on ledge 36. When section 2 is arranged relative to section I toclose and bodily revolve with the latter, the section 2 is extended intothe open end of section I to an extent to have flange 21 and edge 28abut member 39. When section 2 is extended into section I the ledge 36snugly engages the inner face of the section I. When the sections I and2 are interengaged, the opening 29, 38 align and register with theapertures 40 in the member 39. Headed screw bolts M are extended throughopenings 38 and apertures and threadedly engage with the walls ofopenings 29 for clamping sections I, 2 in abutting relation. Boltlocking means 42 are interposed between the heads of 40 bolts 4| and theelement 31. The section 2 has a tapered threaded filling opening 43which communicates with groove 33 and is normally closed by a removableplug 44. The groove 33 is of greater depth than socket 34 and has itsinner 45 side wall 45 formed with an annular shoulder 46 constituting astop for a purpose to be referred to. Arranged within section I is acylindrical liner 41 and which abuts at one edge against the inner faceof end 25 of section I and has its other edge abut- 50 ting the innerface of section 2 when the latter is anchored to section I. The innerface of section 2 is formed with a hollow boss 48 arrangedconcentrically to the axis of section 2 and which provides the innerside wall of groove 33 and the wall 56 49 of socket 34. The wall 49 isformed with an annular shoulder 50 to provide a stop for a purpose to bereferred to.

The transmission includes a rotor formed of a pair of opposed circularsections 3, 4 of the same diameter. The section 3 is of greaterthickness than section 4. The latter is interposed between section 3 andthe section 2 of the casing or housing. The rotor sections 3, 4 areformed with axially aligned openings 5|, 52 respectively. The drivenshaft 29 extends through opening 52 and into opening 5| and is keyed tosection 3, as at 22.

The rotor section 3 has the side 53 thereof formed. with a socket 54 ofgreater diameter than opening 5|, disposed concentrically to the axisthereof and communicates centrally at its base with the said opening 5!.The shaft 26 extends into socket 54 and is arranged in endwise alignmentrelative to the driven shaft 29. The shafts 20, 25 are disposed inspaced relation. The driven shaft 29 does not extend into socket 54. Thewall 55 of the latter is shouldered, as at 56 to provide a. stop whichcoaots with the stop formed by shoulder 29 for a purpose to be referredto.

The rotor section 3 has extending from the side 51 thereof a pluralityof spaced setting pins 58 in the form of dowels for positioning therotor section 4 in desired relation with respect to rotor section 3. Thesection 4 has spaced openings 59 for the reception of the pins 58. Thelatter are anchored in and extend from side 51 of section 3. Theextended portions of pins 58 are of less length than that of theopenings 59. The length of the anchored portions is greater than that ofthe said extended portions of the pins 59.

The rotor section 3 is formed with a set of spaced fluid exhaustpassages 60 which are preferably curved and flared from their intakeends 6| to their outlet ends 6|. The passages 69 are eccentricallydisposed relative to the axis of rotor section 3, having their outletends opening at the outer edge 62 and their outer sides opening at thesides 51 of rotor section 3. The intake end of a leading passage isarranged inwardly of an outlet end of a follower passage. The edge 82 ofrotor section 3 is formed circumferentially thereof with a set oftangentially disposed spaced grooves 63 gradually decreasing in depthfrom their leading ends 64 to their follower ends 65. The grooves 63 arearranged between the outlet ends 6| of the passages 69 and have theirleading ends disposed rearwardly of and in proximity to said outlet ends6|. The outer sides of the grooves 63 open at the side 51 of the rotorsection 3. The latter is formed with a series of spaced fluid receivingchambers 66 provided with intakes 61 and outlets 69. The leading ends ofthe grooves 63 open into the intakes 61. The outlets 68 of chambers 66open into the intake ends 51 of the passages 99. The outlet ends 61* ofthe passages 69 open at the edge 62 at the leading side of the intakes61.

The rotor section 3 is formed in its side 51 with a set of spaced curvedcutouts 69 arranged in proximity to, inwardly of and spaced from theinner sides of chambers 66. The rotor section 3 in its side 51 is formedwith a set of sockets 19 opening into the inner portions of the cut outs99. The base of each socket 111 is of arcuate contour.

The side walls of each passage 69 are indicated at 1|, 12. The sidewalls of each chamber 65 are indicated at 13, 14. The wall 1| at one endmerges into one end of wall 13. The wall 12 at one end merges into thewall 14. The walls 12,

14, each consists of a stationary inner and a shiftable outer section.The shiftable section of a wall 12 and a wall 14 respectively of apassage 59 and a chamber 66 is formed from the curved head 14 of apivoted spring controlled regulating valve 15 arranged within and flushwith the side 51 of the rotor section 3. The side 51 is cut away as at16 to receive head 14. The head 14 of valve 15 has a tapered inner end11 which merges into a rounded fulcrum 18 from which extends a curvedstem 19 arranged in a cutout 69. The latter is of a width to permit ofthe shifting of stem 19 therein. The side walls of the cutout 59 havecoacting curved portions 89 forming a seat for the fulcrum 18. Thetapered end of valve head 14 in connection with the fulcrum 18 formoppositely disposed V-shaped grooves 8| in which resilient cushioningand sealing strips 92 are arranged. The strips 92 are anchored in anysuitable manner. In Figure 2 they are vulcanized to one wall of thecutouts B9 and to the walls of groove 9|, 'or they may be formed, asshown in Figure 4, with extensions B2 anchored in sockets 82, 82 formedrespectively in the valve heads 14 and a wall of each cutout 69.

Arranged within the sockets 19 are stationary retainer blocks 93 havingarcuate inner ends 84 which coact with the bases of said sockets 19 toform cylindrical chambers 85 closed at one end and opening at theirother end into the cutouts G9. Slidably mounted in each chamber is aspring controlled plunger 86 having a head 81 which permanently bearsagainst the inner portion of valve stem 19. Interposed between theplunger head 91 and the closed end of chamber 95 as well as surroundingplunger 86 is a coiled controlling spring 88 for the valve 15.

Arranged within each chamber 66 is a rotatable spinner 5 formed withradially disposed spaced rounded edge blades 5 for travelling againstthe walls 13, 14 of said chamber. The spinner 5 is carried by a shaft 99having an end portion 99 journaled in an opening 9| formed in the rotorsection 3. Roller bearings 92 are arranged in opening 9! for shaftportion 99. A retainer 93 is employed for bearings 92. The spinner 5 isflush with the side 51 of rotor section 3. The shaft 89 includes anenlarged portion 94 and a reduced portion 95. The shaft portion 94 isjournaled in an opening 96 formed in rotor section 4 and has associatedtherewith roller bearings 91. The shaft portion 95 extends from therotor section 4.

The rotor section 4 is secured against the side 51 of rotor section 3 bythe holdfast means 99 which are countersunk in the outer side 99thereof. The blocks 83 are anchored against the inner side 100 of rotorsection 4 by the holdfast means Hll which are countersunk in the outerside 99 of the said section 4. The open sides of the passages 69.grooves 53, cutouts 69 and outer ends of the chambers 66 are closed byrotor section 4 when the latter is anchored against the side 51 of rotorsection 3. q

Arranged within the socket 34. abutting stop 50 and encompassing thedriven shaft 29 is a roller bearing structure ")2. Arranged withinsocket 54, interposed between stops 29, 5G and encompassing shaft 21 isa roller bearing structure I03 for the rotor section 3.

Carried by the boss 49 of housing section 2 is a gear 6 which abuts thestop 46 and is carried with the casing or housing. The gear 6 provides asuitable driving means for the spinners 5 and meshes with idler gears Twhich in turn mesh with gears 8 carried by the reduced shaft portions 95of the shafts 89. The idler gears 1 provide for the revolving of thegears 6, 8 in the same direction. The idler gears 1 are mounted onshouldered stub shafts 9 anchored to and extending from the outer side99 of rotor section 4. The gears 6, 1 and 8 are arranged in the groove33 of the housing section 2. The gear 6 is of greater diameter than gearI and the latter is of greater diameter than gear 8.

The radial or running clearance between the rotor and liner is to bekept as small as possible in order to maintain the pressure in thepassageways.

This transmission is designed to deliver a constant amount of powerregardless of speed reduction, to give direct drive at full speed. andto provide a torque ratio of 4 to l or better at the maximum speedreduction, and the manner in which the foregoing is accomplished willnow be referred to.

Stepping up of the torque at reduced speeds of the driven shaft isaccomplished by the gear action between gears 6 and I which acts at thecenter of idler shaft 9, the jet action of the exhaust fluid at A actingat the periphery of rotor, and the pressure action at B which is opposedby the pressure action at C. The algebraic sums of these reactionsmultiplied by their respective arms about the center 0 of the rotordivided by the input torque gives the torque multiplication.

In order to put in a constant amount of torque regardless of thedifference of speeds between the driving and driven ends of thetransmission, the pivoted spring controlled valve 15 acts to vary theopening in flaring passages so as to maintain a constant pressure on itand hence a constant head on spinner 5 requiring a constant amount oftorque to turn spinner 5. In other words as the speed of the drivenshaft approaches that of the driving shaft, the speed differencedecreases. hence the quantity pumped by the spinner decreases so thatone must decrease the throat or opening at A to increase the exitvelocity of the liquid (that is the value of velocity with noconstriction of throat) to maintain a constant head as velocity headequals (velocity)2 (velocity in ft/sec) Thus at half speed to maintain aconstant head, the valve opening must be (normal valve opening at zerospeed of driven shaft) J? As the gear reaction at the point of contactof gears 6 and 'l is applied to the driven shaft at the center of shaft9, the multiplication due to it is the distance from 0 (the center ofthe entire unit) to the center of shaft 9 divided by the pitch radius ofgear 5.

According to Bernoullis theorem the total head at any two points in apassage remains the same regardless of the fact that static heads,velocity heads, and pressure heads may be different at these two points.Furthermore the velocity in a passage varies inversely as the crosssectional areas at the points considered. The velocity head at A is thesame as at D or slightly higher than at D because the same quantity ofliquid must pass through both cross sections and as the cross sectionalpassage area at A is the same as or slightly less than at D, therefore,the velocity at A must be the same as or slightly higher than at D.Therefore, the velocity squared times a constant or the velocity head atA must be the same or slightly higher than the velocity head at D. Thetorque multiplication due to the jet reaction at A is not less than theoutside diameter of the rotor divided by the pitch diameter of gear 6times the pitch diameter of gear 8 divided by the pitch diameter ofspinner 5.

As the passage cross sectional area increases from D to B, the velocitydecreases in direct proportion, and as the static head is the same orpractically so at the two points therefore the pressure must increase.Thus if h=static head.

P -prcssure head,

and

g=velocity head.

Then at D and B we may write 2 2 a 4 Y1 Q a't z,+ "ibut as hd==lza ThenV -V Ph' Pd 2g W As the velocity varies inversely with the area of thepassage, then with the proportions shown,

As Pd is small in value in the proportions shown, it may be neglectedand we may say (pitch radius of gear 6)(pitch diam. of #5) 2g pitchdiam. of gear #8 where a: and y represent cross sectional areas indirections B and C respectively and L and M their respective arms.

In other words the actual multiplication is Pr, P)- LX W Z; (pitchradius of gear 6)(pitch diam. of #5) 2g pitch diam. of gear #8 because.9566V 5', 2g W Also is the moment of the couple tending to cause therotor to rotate in the same direction in which the housing rotates sinceit is the product of moment arm (L) times area (1:) times pressure perunit area b My is the moment of the couple tending to cause the rotor torotate in the opposite direction to which the housing rotates.Therefore, the difference of the two is the net couple tending toproduce rotation.

Similarly V (pitch radius of gear 6)(pitch diam. of #5) H pitch diam. ofgear #8 is the input couple. But the pressure action multiplication isthe net couple tending to produce rotor rotation input force couple(ester soevf) (2g) V (pitch radius of gear 6)(pitch diam. of #5) 5Epitch diam. of gear #8 as above stated.

It is evident that the proportions of the passage at points D and B mustbe carefully chosen and the proportions of L and M also in order thatthe actual multiplication will be positive rather than negative or inother words so that the pressure effect will aid rather than hinder therotor from rotating in the same direction as the driving shaft. Thus ifidler gear I was eliminated and gearB drove gear 8 direct, theproportions of inlet and outlet were changed and the location andpossible angle of the passage outlet changed, the rotor would reverserelative to the direction of rotation instead of revolving in the samedirection.

The liquid is circulated around in a continuous path from one set ofpassages to the other. Starting from spaces S it is sucked in byspinners 5 turned about 180 and then shot out in an evenly flaringpassage from D to C in a general offset tangential directiontransforming the velocity head to pressure head as above described. Thepressure head is again transformed back to velocity head when it againturns tangentially at A exhausting into the next passage in an evenlyflaring path which first converges and then more gradually diverges.

The spring 88 acting against the stern of valve 15 keeps the flow of theliquid regulated so to maintain a practically constant pressure onsurface C and hence a sensibly constant head (total) on spinners 5according to the principles of the Bernoulli theorem. Cutout 59 limitsthe travel of valve so that it will rest against the inner wall of thecutout at zero speed of the L My driven shaft and the outer wall of thecutout prevents the tip of the valve from rotating out so far as toactually engage the inner wall of the casing. The head of plunger 86transfers the action of spring 88 to valve 15. The strips 82 aid inpreserving even contours of the flared passage and the spinner cavityfor any position of valve 15. Spring 88 is to be made sufliciently longas to maintain a practically constant spring pressure for any positionof valve 15.

The transmission is to be filled with liquid through the hole in whichplug 44 is screwed. Only enough liquid is to be poured in that theliquid will extend inward to point G during the action of thetransmission.

The blades of spinners 5 are to be rounded or any other suitable shapethat is most effective for the best overall efficiency of thetransmission.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing mounted forrotation with a drive shaft, a rotor within the housing mounted forrotation with a driven shaft, said rotor being provided at its outeredge with circumferentially extending successive grooves graduallydecreasing in depth from their follower to their leading ends, saidrotor being formed therein with fluid receiving chambers adjacent to theleading ends of said grooves and formed with intakes and outlets, saidintakes communicating with the leading ends of said groove, said rotorbeing provided with fluid passages eccentrically disposed to the axisthereof, communicating at their inner ends with said outlets, opening attheir outer ends at said outer edge and communicating at their outerends with said intakes, bladed rotatable spinners mounted in saidchambers, and said housing and rotor carrying intermeshing gears forrotating the spinners in said housing for directing the fluid into saidpassages on the discharge of the fluid from the latter, and springcontrolled pivoted regulating valves pivotally mounted in said rotor andadjustable relative to the blades of the spinners for varying the areaof the intakes of said chambers and for varying the area of the outletends of said passages, each of said valves having a head common to apassage and a chamber providing a shiftable wall portion for and at theoutlet end of said passage and a shiftable wall portion for and leadinginwardly from the intake of the chamber, spinner carrying shaftsjournaled in said rotor, driven gears for and carried by said spinnershafts, idler gears carried by the rotor and simultaneously driving saiddriven gears, and a gear bodily carried by the housing, common to andsimultaneously driving said idler gears.

2. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing mounted forrotation with a drive shaft, a rotor within the housing mounted forrotation with a driven shaft, said rotor being provided at its outeredge with circumferentially extending successive grooves graduallydecreasing in depth from their follower to their leading ends, saidrotor being formed therein with fluid receiving chambers adjacent to theleading ends of said grooves and formed with intakes and outlets, saidintakes communicating with the leading ends of said grooves, said rotorbeing provided with fluid passages eccentrically disposed to the axisthereof, communicating at their inner ends with said outlets, opening attheir outer ends at said outer edge and communicating at their outerends with said intakes, bladed rotatable spinners mounted in saidchambers, and said housing and rotor carrying intermeshing gears forrotating the spinners in said housing for directing the fluid into saidpassages on the discharge of the fluid from the latter, and springcontrolled pivoted regulating valves pivotally mounted in said rotor andadjustable relative to the blades of the spinners for varying the areaof the intakes of said chambers and for varying the area of the outletends of said passages, each of said valves having a head common to apassage and a chamber providing a shiftable wall portion for and at theoutlet end of said passage and a shiftable wall portion for and leadinginwardly from the intake of the chamber, spinner carrying shaftsjournaled in said rotor, driven gears for and carried by said spinnershafts, idler gears carried by the rotor and simultaneously driving saiddriven gears, and a gear bodily carried by the housing, common to andsimultaneously driving said idler gears, and said housing formed withmeans to provide a clearance common to said driven and idler gears.

3. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing mounted forrotation with a drive shaft, a rotor within the housing mounted forrotation with a driven shaft, said rotor being provided at its outeredge with circumferentially extending successive grooves graduallydecreasing in depth from their follower to their leading ends, saidrotor being formed therein with fluid receiving chambers adjacent to theleading ends of said grooves and formed with intakes and outlets, saidintakes communicating with the leading ends of said grooves, said rotorbeing provided with fluid passages eccentrically disposed to the axisthereof, communicating at their inner ends with said outlets, opening attheir outer ends at said outer edge and communicating at their outerends with said intakes, bladed rotatable spinners mounted in saidchambers, and said housing and rotor carrying intermeshing gears forrotating the spinners in said housing for directing the fluid into saidpassages on the discharge of the fluid from the latter, pivotedregulating valves arranged within said rotor adjustable relatively tothe blades of the spinners for varying the area of the intakes of saidchambers and for varying the area of the outlet ends of said passages,each of said valves including a curved head terminating at its inner endin a fulcrum and a stem extending from the fulcrum, each head beingcommon to a passage and a chamber providing a shiftable wall portion forand at the outlet end of said passage and a shiftable wall for andleading inwardly from the intake end of said chamber, and springcontrolled means mounted in said rotor bearing against the stems of saidvalves.

4. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing mounted forrotation with a drive shaft, a rotor within the housing mounted forrotation with a driven shaft, said rotor being provided at its outeredge with circumferentially extending successive grooves graduallydecreasing in depth from their follower to their leading ends, saidrotor being formed therein with fluid receiving chambers adjacent to theleading ends of said grooves and formed with intakes and outlets, saidintakes communic-ating with the leading ends of said grooves, said rotorbeing provided with fluid passages eccentrically disposed to the axisthereof, communicating at their inner ends with said outlets, opening attheir outer ends at said outer edge and communicating at their outerends With said intakes, bladed rotatable spinners mounted in saidchambers, spinner carrying shafts journaled in said rotor, driven gearsfor and carried by said spinner shafts, idler gears carried by the rotorand simultaneously driving said driven gears, and a gear bodily carriedby the housing, common to and simultaneously driving said idler gears,pivoted regulating valves arranged within said rotor adjustablerelatively to the blades of the spinners for varying the area of theintakes of said chambers and for varying the area of the outlet ends ofsaid passages, each of said valves including a curved head terminatingat its inner end in a fulcrum and a stem extending from the fulcrum,each head being common to a passage and a chamber providing a shiftablewall portion for and at the outlet end of said passage and the shiftablewall for and leading inwardly from the intake end of said chamber, andspring controlled means mounted in said rotor bearing against the stemsof said valves.

5. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakes adjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatable bladedspinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages, drivingmeans carried by the spinners and driven from the housing for operatingthe spinners, and automatically operable throttling means carried by therotor for maintaining a constant torque load on the spinner gears.

6. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing mounted forrotation with a drive shaft, a rotor within the housing mounted forrotation with a driven shaft, said rotor being provided at its outeredge with circumferentially extending successive grooves graduallydecreasing in depth from their follower to their leading ends, saidrotor being formed therein with fluid receiving chambers adjacent to theleading ends of said grooves and formed with intakes and outlets, saidintakes communicating with the leading ends of said grooves, said rotorbeing provided with fluid passages eccentrically disposed to the axisthereof, communicating at their inner ends with said outlets, opening attheir outer ends at said outer edge and communicating at their outerends with said intakes, bladed rotatable spinners mounted in saidchambers, and said housing and rotor carrying intermeshing gears forrotating the spinners in said housing for directing the fluid into saidpassages on the discharge of the fluid from the latter, pivotedregulating valves arranged within said rotor adjustable relatively tothe blades of the spinners for varying the area of the intakes of saidchambers and for varying the area of the outlet ends of said passages,each of said valves including a curved head terminating at its inner endin a fulcrum and a stem extending from the fulcrum, each head beingcommon to a passage and a chamber providing a shiftable wall portion forand at the outlet end of said passage and a shiftable wall for andleading inwardly from the intake end of said chamber, and springcontrolled means mounted in said rotor bearing against the stems of saidvalves, and said rotor provided with clearances to permit of theshifting of the stems of said valves.

7. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing mounted forrotation with a drive shaft, a rotor within the housing mounted forrotation with a driven shaft, said rotor being provided at its outeredge with circumferentially extending successive grooves graduallydecreasing in depth from their follower to their lea'iing ends, saidrotor being formed therein with fluid receiving chambers adjacent to theleading ends of said grooves and formed with intakes and outlets, saidintakes communicating with the leading ends of said grooves, said rotorbeing provided with fluid passages eccentrically disposed to the axisthereof, communicating at their inner ends with said outlets, opening attheir outer ends at said outer edge and communicating at their outerends with said intakes, bladed rotatable spinners mounted in saidchambers, spinner carrying shafts journaled in said rotor, driven gearsfor and carried by said spinner shafts, idler gears carried by the rotorand simultaneously driving said driven gears, and a gear bodily carriedby the housing, common to and simultaneously driving said idler gears,pivoted regulating valves arranged within said rotor adjustablerelatively to the blades of the spinners for varying the area of theintakes of said chambers and for varying the area of the outlet ends ofsaid passages, each of said valves including a curved head terminatingat its inner end in a fulcrum and a stem extending from the fulcrum,each head being common to a passage and a chamber providing a shiftablewall portion for and at the outlet end of said passage and a shiftablewall for and leading inwardly from the intake end of said chamber, andspring controlled means mounted in said rotor bearing against the stemsof said valves, and said rotor provided with clearances to permit of theshifting of the stems of said valves.

8. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, a rotatablebladed spinner within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,driving means carried by the spmners and driven from the housing foroperating the spinners, and automatically operable valves within therotor and coacting with the spinners for maintaining a constant torqueload on the spinner gears.

9. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing mounted forrotation with a drive shaft, a rotor within the housing mounted forrotation with a driven shaft, said rotor being provided therein with aplurality of fluid receiving chambers having intakes and outlets, aplurality of spaced grooves circumferential of its outer edge graduallyincreasing in depth from their leading to their follower ends andcommunicating at their leading ends with said intakes and a plurality ofspaced flared fluid passages leading from and having their intakesopening into said outlets and their outlets communicating with theintakes for said chambers at the said outer edge, rotatable bladedspinner wheels within said chambers, spring controlled regulating valvesmounted in the rotor for varying the area of the passages near theiroutlets, and means carried by said rotor and driven from the housing forsimultaneously rotating said spinners.

10. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing mounted forrotation with a drive shaft, a rotor within the housing mounted forrotation with a driven shaft, said rotor being provided therein with aplurality of fluid receiving chambers having intakes and outlets, aplurality of spaced grooves circumferential of its outer edge graduallyincreasing in depth from their leading to their follower ends andcommunicating at their leading ends with said intakes and a plurality ofspaced flared fluid passages leading from and having their intakesopening into said outlets and their outlets communicating with theintakes for said chambers at the said outer edge, rotatable bladedspinner wheels within said chambers, pivoted spring controlledregulating valves mounted in the rotor and each having means common to achamber and a passage for simultaneously varying the area of the intakeof the chamber and the outlet of the passage, spinner carrying shaftsjournaled in said rotor, driven gears for and carried by said spinnershafts, idler gears carried by the rotor and simultaneously driving saiddriven gears, and a gear bodily carried by the housing, common to andsimultaneously driving said idler gears.

11. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing mounted forrotation with a drive shaft, a rotor within the housing mounted forrotation with a driven shaft, said rotor being provided therein with aplurality of fluid receiving chambers having intakes and outlets, aplurality of spaced grooves circumferential of its outer edge graduallyincreasing in depth from their leading to their follower ends andcommunicating at their leading ends with said intakes and a plurality ofspaced flared fluid passages leading from and having their intakesopening into said outlets and their outlets communicating with theintakes for said chambers at the said outer edge, rotatable bladedspinner wheels within said chambers, pivoted spring controlledregulating valves mounted in the rotor and each having means common to achamber and a passage for simultaneously varying the area of the intakeof the chamber and the outlet of the passage, spinner carrying shaftsjournaled in said rotor, driven gears for and carried by said spinnershafts, idler gears carried by the rotor and simultaneously driving saiddriven gears, and a gear bodily carried by the housing, common to andsimultaneously driving said idler gears, and said housing formed withmeans to provide a clearance common to said driven and idler gears.

12. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor coupling it to a drive shaft to rotate in unison with the latter, adriven shaft extended into the housing, a rotor arranged within thehousing and keyed axially thereof to said driven shaft, bearingstructures supported by the housing for said rotor and driven shaft,said housing being formed therein at one end thereof with an annularboss supporting the bearing structure for the driven shaft, a gearencompassing the boss and bodily moving with the housing, said rotorbeing provided therein with a plurality of fluid receiving chambershaving intakes and outlets, a plurality of spaced groovescircumferentially of its outer edge gradually decreasing in depth fromtheir leading to their follower ends and communicating at their leadingends with said intakes and a plurality of spaced flared curved fluidpassages having their intakes opening into said outlets and theiroutlets communicating with the intakes of said chambers at the saidouter edge,

rotatable bladed spinner wheels within said chambers, pivoted springcontrolled regulating valves mounted in the rotor and each having meanscommon to a chamber and a passage for simultaneously varying the area ofthe intake of the chamber and outlet of the passage, a rotatable shaftcarrying each spinner journaled in and extended from the rotor, a drivengear fixed upon the extended end of each spinner shaft, and idler gearscarried by the rotor and meshing with said driven gears forsimultaneously operating the latter and meshing with and simultaneouslydriven by the gear carried by the housing.

13. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor coupling it to a drive shaft to rotate in unison with the latter, adriven shaft extended into the housing, a rotor arranged within thehousing and keyed axially thereof to said driven shaft, bearingstructures supported by the housing for said rotor and driven shaft,said housing being formed therein, at one end thereof with an annularboss supporting the bearing structure for the driven shaft, a gearencompassing the boss and bodily moving with the housing, said rotorbeing provided therein with a plurality of fluid receiving chambershaving intakes and outlets, a plurality of spaced groovescircumferentially of its outer edge gradually decreasing in depth fromtheir leading to their follower ends, and communicating at their leadingends with said intakes and a plurality of spaced flared curved fluidpassages having their intakes opening into said outlets and theiroutlets communicating with the intakes of said chambers at the saidouter edge, rotatable bladed spinner wheels within said chambers,pivoted spring controlled regulating valves mounted in the rotor andeach having means common to a chamber and a passage for simultaneouslyvarying the area of the intake of the chamber and outlet of the passage,a rotatable shaft carrying each spinner journaled in and extended fromthe rotor, a driven gear fixed-upon the extended end of each spinnershaft, and idler gears carried by the rotor and meshing with said drivengears for simultaneously operating the latter and meshing with andsimultaneously driven by the gear carried by the housing, the gearcarried by the housing being of greater diameter than the idler gears,and gears on the spinner shafts being of less diameter than the idlergears.

14. In a. hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing havingmeans for coupling it to a drive shaft to rotate in unison with thelatter, a driven shaft extended into the housing, a rotor arrangedwithin the housing and keyed axially thereof to said driven shaft,bearing structures supported by the housing for said rotor and drivenshaft, said housing being formed therein, at one end thereof with anannular boss supporting the bearing structure for the driven shaft, agear encompassing the boss and bodily moving with the housing, saidrotor being provided thereinwith a plurality of fluid receiving chambershaving intakes and outlets, a plurality of spaced groovescircumferentially of its outer edge gradually decreasing in depth fromtheir leading to their follower ends, and communicating at their leadingends with said intakes and a plurality of spaced flared curved fluidpassages having their intakes opening into said outlets and theiroutlets communicating with the intakes of said chambers at the saidouter edge,

Examiner rotatable bladed spinner wheels within said chambers, pivotedspring controlled regulating valves mounted in the rotor and each havingmeans common to a chamber and a passage for simultaneously varying thearea of the intake of the chamber and outlet of the passage, a rotatableshaft carrying each spinner journaled in and extended from the rotor, adriven gear fixed upon the extended end of each spinner shaft, and idlergears carried by the rotor and meshing with said driven gears forsimultaneously operating the latter and meshing with and simultaneouslydriven by the gear carried by the housing, the gear carried by thehousing being of greater diameter than the idler gears and gears on thespinner shafts being of less diameter than the idler gears, and saidhousing provided with a clearance common to the idler gears and thegears on the spinner shafts.

15. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,gears carried by the spinners and driven from the housing for operatingthe spinners, and automatically operable throttling means carried by therotor for maintaining a constant torque load on the spinner gears.

16. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,gears carried by the spinners and driven from the housing for operatingthe spinners, and automatically operable valves within the rotor andcoacting with the spinners for maintaining a constant torque load on thespinner gears.

1'7. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing havingmeans for mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, arotor within the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom,said rotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,a gear for operating each spinner, idler gears carried by the rotor forsimultaneously driving the spinner gears, a gear carried by and bodilymoving with the housing for simultaneously operating said idler gears,and automatically operable throttling means for maintaining a constanttorque load on the spinner gears.

18. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a 1'0- torwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,a gear for operating each spinner, idler gears carried by the rotor forsimultaneously driving the spinner gears, a gear carried by the housingfor simultaneously driving the idler gears, and automatically operablespring controlled valves Within the rotor and coacting with the spinnersfor maintaining a constant torque load on the spinner gears.

19. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing ha ing meansfor mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom. saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,a gear for operating each spinner, idler gears carried by the rotor forsimultaneously driving the spinner gears, a gear carried by and bodilymoving with the housing for simultaneously operating said idler gears,and automatically operable throttling means for maintaining a constanttorque load on the spinner gears, the idler gears being of greaterdiameter than the spinner gears, and the gear carried by the housingbeing of greater diameter than the idler gears.

20. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,a gear for operating each spinner, idler gears carried by the rotor forsimultaneously driving the spinner gears, a gear carried by the housingfor simultaneously driving the idler gear, and automatically operablespring controlled valves within the rotor and coacting with the spinnersfor maintaining a constant torque load on the spinner gears, the idlergears being of greater diameter than the spinner gears, and the gearcarried by the housing being of greater diameter than the idler gears.

21. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,gears carried by the spinners and driven from the housing for operatingthe spinners, and automatically operable throttling means carried by therotor for maintaining a constant torque load on the spinner gears, saidthrottling means and rotor having coacting parts for pivotally mountingsaid means.

22. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the ro tor adjacent the intakes of said passages,gears carried by the spinners and driven from the housing for operatingthe spinners, and automatically operable throttling means carried by therotor for maintaining a constant torque load on the spinner gears, saidthrottling means and rotor having coacting parts for pivotally mountingsaid means, and said throttling means being spring controlled.

23. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting .it for rotation with a driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,gears carried by the spinners and driven from the housing for operatingthe spinners, and automatically operable valves within the rotor andcoacting with the spinners for maintaining a constant torque load on thespinner gears, said valves and rotor having coacting means for pivotallymounting the valves intermediate the ends of the latter.

24. In a hydraulic transmission, a fluid containing housing having meansfor mounting it for rotation with a. driving shaft therefor, a rotorwithin the housing for rotation with a shaft driven therefrom, saidrotor being formed with flared fluid passages having their intakesadjacent to and their outlets opening at the edge thereof, rotatablebladed spinners within the rotor adjacent the intakes of said passages,gears carried by the spinners and driven from the housing for operatingthe spinners, and automatically operable valves within the rotor andcoacting with the spinners for maintaining a constant torque load on thespinner gears, said valves and rotor having coacting means for pivotallymounting the valves intermediate the ends of the latter, said valvesincluding stems, and controlling springs for the valves acting on saidstems.

25. In a hydraulic transmission, a rotatable fluid containing housinghaving means for connecting it for bodily rotation with a driving shafttherefor, an annular rotor within the housing, a

driven shaft extended into the housing and con- 4 nected to the rotoraxially thereof, a bearing structure for and axially of the rotor andsupported by the housing, a bearing structure for the driven shaftcarried by the housing, said rotor being formed with flared fluidpassages having their intakes inwardly adjacent to and their outlets atthe edge thereof, rotatable spinner structures mounted in the rotor inproximity to said intakes and each including a driven gear thereforextended from the rotor, throttling means carried by the rotor formaintaining a constant torque load on the spinner gears, means operatedfrom the housing for simultaneously driving said gears, and said rotorhaving spaced grooves in its outer edge leading to said spinnerstructures.

26. The invention as set forth in claim 25 having the throttling meansconsisting of spaced pivoted spring controlled valves.

27. The invention as set forth in claim 25 having the throttling meansconsisting of spaced spring controlled valves pivoted intermediate theirends and having their outer ends at the said edge of the rotor.

28. In a fluid transmission, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a rotorconnected to the driven shaft, said rotor being provided with chambersand outlet passages from each chamber leading to the exterior of therotor, means for supplying fluid to each of said chambers, a movablemember in each of said chambers and adapted to direct fluid into theoutlet passage and to the exterior of the rotor, means for driving themovable members from the driving shaft, and automatically operable meansfor maintaining a constant torque load on each movable member.

29. In a, fluid transmission, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a rotorconnected to the driven shaft, said rotor beirg provided with chambersand a passage leading from each chamber and provided with an outlet incommunication with the exterior of the rotor, means forming a fluidinlet to each of said chambers, a rotatable spinner in each of saidchambers and adapted to direct fluid into the associated passage and tothe exterior of the rotor, means for driving said spinners from thedriving shaft, and automatically operable throttling means carried bythe rotor and associated with the passages for maintaining a constanttorque load on the spinners.

30. In a fluid transmission, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a rotorconnected to the driven shaft, said rotor being provided with chambersand outlet passages from each chamber leading to the exterior of therotor in such a manner as to allow fluid to exhaust directly from therotor in a substantially tangential direction, means for supplying fluidto each of said chambers, a rotatable spinner in each of said chambersand adapted to direct fluid into the outlet passage, means for drivingthe spinners from the driving shaft, and automatically operable meansfor maintaining a constant torque load on each spinner and comprising aspring-biased valve element carried by the rotor and associated witheach of the outlet passages.

31. In a fluid transmission, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a rotorconnected to the driven shaft, a member surrounding the rotor, the rotorand the surrounding member adapted to have relative movement, said rotorbeing provided with chambers and outlet passages from each chamberleading to the exterior of the rotor, means for supplying fluid to eachof said chambers, a rotatable spinner in each of said chambers andadapted to direct fluid into the outlet passage, means for driving thespinners from the driving shaft. and automatically operable means formaintaining a constant torque load on each spinner and comprising avalve element carried by the rotor and associated with each of the out--let passages and a spring for maintaining a substantially constantpressure on the valve element tending to hold it in closed position.

32. In a fluid transmission, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a rotorconnected to the driven shaft, said rotor being provided with chambersand a passage leading from each chamber and provided with an outletcausing fluid to exhaust directly to the exterior of the rotor and in asubstantially tangential direction, means forming a fluid inlet to eachof said chambers, a movable member in each of said chambers and adaptedto direct fluid into the associated passage, means for driving saidmembers from the driving shaft, and automatically operable throttlingmeans carried by the rotor and associated with the passages formaintaining a constant torque load on the movable members, saidthrottling means comprising a spring-biased valve for'each passage.

33. In a fluid transmission, a driving shaft, a

driven shaft, a fluid containing housing, a rotor within the housing andconnected to the driven shaft, said rotor being provided with chambersand a passage leading from each chamber and provided with an outlet fordirecting fluid to the exterior of the rotor and toward the housing,means forming a fluid inlet to each of said chambers, a rotatablespinner in each of said chambers and adapted to direct fluid into theassociated passage, means for driving said spinners from the drivingshaft, and automatically operable throttling means carried by the rotorand associated with the passages for maintaining a constant torque loadon the spinners, said throttling means comprising a spring-biased valvefor each passage.

34. In a fluid transmission, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a fluidcontaining housing, a rotor Within the housing and connected to thedriven shaft, said rotor being provided with chambers and a passageleading from each chamber and provided with outlets, each chamber andits passage being so related to the others that the outlet of onepassage leading from a chamber is positioned adjacent another chamber,means forming a fluid inlet to each of said chambers, a rotatablespinner in each of said chambers and adapted to direct fluid into theassociated passage, means for driving said spinners from the drivingshaft, and automatically operable means for maintaining a constanttorque load on the spinners and comprising a valve associated with theoutlet of a passage and coacting with the spinner in the adjacentchamber.

35. In a fluid transmission, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a rotorconnected to the driven shaft, a member surrounding the rotor, the rotorand the surrounding member adapted to have relative rotation, said rotorbeing provided with chambers and outlet passages from each cham ber andleading to the exterior of the rotor whereby fluid will be exhausted tothe exterior of the rotor and against the surrounding member, means forsupplying fluid to each of said chambers, pumping means in each of saidchambers and adapted to direct fluid into the outlet passage, means fordriving the pumping means from the driving shaft, and automaticallyoperable means associated with each passage for maintaining a constanttorque load on each of the pumping means.

36. In a fluid transmission, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a rotorconnectedto the driven shaft, a member surrounding the rotor, the rotorand the surrounding member adapted to have relative movement, said rotorbeing provided with chambers and outlet passages from each chamber andso leading to the exterior of the rotor that fluid will be exhausted tothe exterior of the rotor and against the surrounding member in asubstantially tangential direction. means for supplying fluid to each ofsaid chambers, a movable member in each of said chambers and adapted todirect fluid into the outlet passage, means for driving the movablemembers from the driving shaft, and automatically operable means formaintaining a constant torque load on each movable member.

SCOTT V. E. TAYLOR.

